World Kidney Day 2016 focuses on kidney disease in childhood and the antecedents of adult kidney disease
that can begin in earliest childhood. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood differs from that in adults, as
the largest diagnostic group among children includes congenital anomalies and inherited disorders, with glomerulopathies
and kidney disease in the setting of diabetes being relatively uncommon. In addition, many children
with acute kidney injury will ultimately develop sequelae that may lead to hypertension and CKD in later
childhood or in adult life. Children born early or who are small-for date newborns have relatively increased risk
for the development of CKD later in life. Persons with a high-risk birth and early childhood history should be
watched closely in order to help detect early signs of kidney disease in time to provide effective prevention or
treatment. Successful therapy is feasible for advanced CKD in childhood; there is evidence that children fare
better than adults, if they receive kidney replacement therapy including dialysis and transplantation, while only a
minority of children may require this ultimate intervention Because there are disparities in access to care, effort
is needed so that those children with kidney disease, wherever they live, may be treated effectively, irrespective
of their geographic or economic circumstances. Our hope is that World Kidney Day will inform the general
public, policy makers and caregivers about the needs and possibilities surrounding kidney disease in childhood