en پژوهشي اصیل Original Research <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 12.6pt"><b><span style="COLOR: rgb(23,54,93) FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Background and Objective</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">:</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are associated with severe morbidity and mortality in patients, especially pediatric renal transplantation patients. The use of immunosuppressive agents places these patients at the risk of viral infections. As cytomegalovirus infection influences the graft outcome, adopting useful strategies for limiting this virus after transplantation seems necessary. </span></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 12.6pt"><b><span style="COLOR: rgb(23,54,93) FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Methods</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">:&nbsp;</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">This systematic review evaluates all articles about the prophylactic treatment in pediatric renal graft recipients.</span></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 12.6pt"><b><span style="COLOR: rgb(23,54,93) FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Results</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">:&nbsp;</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">There are several anti-viral agents that are used alone or in combination for preventing CMV infection. The prophylactic agents that are used in pediatric recipients include CMV-Ig, IVIG, acyclovir/valacyclovir, and ganciclovir/valganciclovir. CMV-Ig is an adjective agent and it is less effective if used alone.&nbsp; Although performed studies in children are not sufficient to determine valacyclovir effect in preventing reactivation of cytomegalovirus, valacyclovir is used in moderate risk recipients for CMV infection. It seems that valacyclovir is less effective than valganciclovir.</span></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 12.6pt"><b><span style="COLOR: rgb(23,54,93) FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Conclusion</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">:&nbsp;</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Nowadays oral valganciclovir is the most appropriate prophylactic agent used in most transplant centers for children and adults.&nbsp; However it appears that valganciclovir prevents cytomegalovirus infection only during prophylaxis period. The incidence of late CMV infection does not reduce by this drug. Some trials in adults and a retrospective study in children recommend that longer duration of prophylaxis with valganciclovir lowers the incidence of CMV infection in late stage.</span></p> <p></p> <p></p> Cytomegalovirus, Infection, transplantation, Pediatric, Valganciclovir 1 6 http://ijca.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hasan Otukesh hasanotukesh@yahoo.com 1003194753284600324 1003194753284600324 Yes Pediatric Transplantation and Dialysis Research Center Shirin Sayyahfar 1003194753284600325 1003194753284600325 No Rozita Hoseini 1003194753284600326 1003194753284600326 No Pediatric Transplantation and Dialysis Research Center Nahid Rahimzadeh 1003194753284600327 1003194753284600327 No Pediatric Transplantation and Dialysis Research Center Mehdi Jafari 1003194753284600328 1003194753284600328 No Yousef Moradi 1003194753284600329 1003194753284600329 No