fa پژوهشي اصیل Original Research <p><strong>Background and Objective: </strong>Identifying main risk profile of candidiasis in children provides favorable condition<br> to effectively deal with disease and to prevent its complications. The present study aimed to determine<br> main risk factors for candida septicemia in children admitted to a referral center for infectious diseases in children.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> This case-control study was performed on 48 consecutive children with positive blood culture for<br> candida infection. A sex- and age-matched group including 52 children hospitalized without diagnosis of candidiasis<br> was selected as the control. The baseline characteristics and clinical data of children were collected<br> from the hospital files and recorded at the study checklists.<br> <strong>Findings:</strong> Regarding underlying disorders, the prevalence of pneumonia was significantly higher in the<br> group with candida septicemia than in another group (20.0% versus 2.3%, p < 0.001), but there was no difference<br> in the prevalence of other underlying diseases including esophageal atresia, NEC, RDS and sepsis. There<br> was also no difference between the case and control groups in the prevalence of clinical risk factors for fungal<br> infection including preterm labor, low birth weight, mechanical ventilation, GVHD, central venous catheter,<br> arterial catheter, urinary catheter and nasogastric tube. Also, no difference was revealed between the groups in<br> terms of needing dialysis, receiving immunosuppressive medications, receiving antibiotics and lumbar puncture.<br> In total, the use of antibiotics was significantly reported more in the group with positive blood culture for fungal<br> infection than control group. Also, those with positive blood culture for candida received more anti-fungal therapy<br> than those without positive candida infection at present (73.1% versus 8.3%, p < 0.001). In total, in-hospital<br> mortality was more frequent among children with positive blood culture for candida than the control group<br> (36.5% versus 10.4%, p =0.002). However, the length of hospital stay did not differ between the two groups<br> (46.3 &plusmn; 4.5 days versus 44.8% versus 7.8 days, p = 0.872).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> We could find simultaneous occurrence of pneumonia and prolonged stay in hospital as the<br> main correlates of candida septicemia. About one-third of affected children with candidiasis die within hospitalization<br> that is near to reported global range. Occurring candida septicemia leads to high rate of in-hospital mortality,<br> but it may not be accompanied with prolonged hospital stay</p> Candida septicemia, Children, Determinants 20 24 http://ijca.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-37-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Alireza Nateghian nateghian.ar@iums.ac.ir 1003194753284600345 1003194753284600345 Yes Iran university of Medical Sciences, Aliasghar Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran Maryam Sedighi 1003194753284600346 1003194753284600346 No Iran university of Medical Sciences, Aliasghar Children’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran