Background and Objective: Some neurologic complications may be detected after renal transplantation in children including tremor, peripheral neuropathy, altered level of consciousness and seizure. The aim of our study was to detect the prevalence of seizure after renal transplantation and its risk factors in pediatric age groups.

Methods: In this descriptive study, 102 patients 5-14 year old in Ali-Asghar children’s hospital with renal transplantation were enrolled from December 2011 to December 2013. Data about age, gender, primary renal diseases, seizure type, history of previous seizure, and causes of seizure were analyzed through SPSS v.18.

Results: Mean (SD) age was 11.69±2.52 years. Fifty seven cases (57.8%) were male. Twelve (11.8%) cases had seizures. Mean age of seizure group was lower than group without seizure (P= 0.001). Causes of seizures were hypertension in 7(58%), febrile seizure in 3(25%), meningoencephalitis in 1(8.5%) and subdural hematoma in one patient (8.5%). Eleven (91.7%) patients had generalized seizure. Seven (6.9%) of all patients had history of previous seizures and 6(86%) were in seizure group (p=0.000). Four cases died and 2(50%) were in seizure group (P= 0.01).There was no significant relationship between gender, primary renal disease, and seizure occurrence after transplantation.

Conclusion: In our study, hypertension was common cause of seizure disorder after renal transplantation. Seizures were higher in patients with lower age at   transplantation time and with seizure history before transplantation. It is recommended to have more attention prior renal transplantation with neurology consultation and particular management of hypertension after renal transplantation